Arts and Culture
Dada art movement was born from the adverse reactions to World War I. Dadaist believed that the bourgeois reasoning and logic about joining the war ultimately was the cause of the war. They therefore rejected logic and rationality in favor of chaos and nontraditional technique. It was an art movement that stressed art as anti-art. The works were meant to provoke a sense of shock, much like the reactions of the artists to the war. Loy in her poems follows this train of thought. Her poems completely disregard grammar, punctuation, and composition arrangement in favor of unconventional poetry.
Science, Technology, and Ideas
In 1915 Albert Einstein published his Theory of Relativity. It was a great transformative movement in theoretical physics and astronomy. The theory proposed new concepts of time and space, mainly the founding of the space-time continuum, which states that events that take place at one time could take place at a different time for another. Einstein also theorized that massive objects could cause a distortion in space-time.
War, Politics, and Nature
On August 25th President Woodrow Wilson signs legislation, known as the ‘Organic Act’, creating the National Park Service. Its goal was to insure federal regulation in the preservation of areas considered national parks. It states that the purpose to conserve these areas was to have enjoyment and nature for future generations. Poets like Frost and Wallace in ‘Sunday Morning’, use nature as a vehicle to communicate abstract concepts and to stress the importance of nature for humanity.
Social Change
The year of 1915 also saw a major shift in the African-American community. The Great Migration which also began as a result of WWI was a the movement of African Americans from the rural South to northern cities. The large movement of people allowed the issue of race to become politically represented in the North. The migrants questioned their socioeconomic position and began to establish a voice for racial equality. Similarly, Loy in the ‘Feminist Manifesto’, also questioned her position in society as a woman. Like the African American community she pushed for social change and equality. The war allowed dissenters to the norm to have a voice in the struggles of society.
Great historical overview of these major disruptions in art and science (Dada and Einstein) demographics (great migration) and women’s rights (Loy). I like how you make an effort to connect each historical point to the authors under discussion, even if is a leap from Sunday Morning to national parks! As the US was not yet involved in WWI in 1915, I’m wondering how that influenced the great migration in the states. Maybe we can revisit this when we talk more extensively about the Harlem Renaissance.